Recent Articles
-
A Novel Multiband Fractal Antenna Based on Three-Dimensional Mandelbrot-Set Structure
16 February 2026 Xiao Yu Li, Yi Tao Huang and Mei Song Tong present the systematic investigation into the application of the 3D Mandelbrot set in antenna design. Through theoretical analysis, structural generation and numerical simulations, we explore the effects of varying iteration orders and power exponents on antenna performance. The results show that the "bud-like" features on the fractal surface significantly extend the antenna's electrical length, enabling both fundamental and higher-order resonances. At lower frequencies, the antenna exhibits pronounced high-gain radiation patterns. The iteration order can be adjusted to tune the operational bandwidth, while changes in the power exponent offer favorable multi-band characteristics.
-
One-Time Programmable Passive Electromagnetic Skins
16 February 2026 Giacomo Oliveri, Francesco Zardi, Giorgio Gottardi and Andrea Massa introduce the concept of one-time programmable electromagnetic skins (OTP-EMSs) to deal with the implementation of simple, inexpensive, and mass-production-oriented solutions for smart electromagnetic environments (SEMEs). The simultaneous achievement of modular fabrication, (one-time) configurable reflection properties, passive-static operation, and zero maintenance is yielded by integrating expendable components at the atomic level of EMSs.
-
Design of Low-RCS Radiation-Scattering Integrated Antenna Based on Spatiotemporal Coding
10 February 2026 Tianguang Lv, Yajie Mu, Xiangjin Ma, Jiaqi Han, Qiang Feng, Haixia Liu and Long Li present a design of low radar cross section (RCS) radiation-scattering integrated antenna (RSIA) based on spatiotemporal coding, which achieves excellent radiation and scattering properties. The proposed RSIA is integrated by a planar tightly coupled antenna (PTCA) and a 1-bit reconfigurable metasurface (RMS). The PTCA is composed of a dipole and parasitic branches, and can effectively radiate x-polarized electromagnetic waves. From 5.3 to 12.6 GHz, the scanning angle of PTCA can reach ±45° in the E-plane and H-plane. The RMS and PTCA are integrated on the same plane and consist of three rectangular patches, on which a PIN diode is loaded.
-
Channel Correlation Analysis of Distributed Access Links for Reliable Industrial Wireless Connectivity
03 February 2026 Dreyelian Morejón, Jesús R. Pérez, Iñaki Eizmendi, Marta Fernández, Pablo Angueira and Rafael P. Torres present an experimental characterization of a Multi-Access Points radio channel in a representative industrial laboratory environment, focusing on the 6 GHz band (upper FR1), enabling the investigation of frequency-dependent propagation mechanisms beyond traditional sub-6 GHz cellular bands. We analyze key statistical properties, including inter-link correlation, coherence distance, and coherence bandwidth, to assess the potential for both macro- and micro-diversity. The results demonstrate that the channels from distributed APs are largely uncorrelated, highlighting a significant opportunity for macro-diversity.
-
A W-Band Multi-Feed Low-Profile Transmitarray Antenna Using Orthogonal Slot Element
03 February 2026 Guang-Hua Sun, Zhixin Qiu , Qing-Yi Guo and Longyue Qu present a low-profile transmitarray using multi-feed technology. The element of the transmitarray adopts two orthogonally arranged slots on the bottom and upper layer of the cavity as received and transmitted structure, and is constructed using only a single-layer laminate. The element achieves 1-bit phase state by locating the transmitting slots at two different positions which are symmetrical. The element has an extended bandwidth by incorporating a center shorting pin in the cavity. Four slots excited by one-to-four metal waveguide feeding network are introduced to feed the transmitarray, effectively reducing the height-to-diameter ratio ( H / D ). Finally, a low-profile transmitarray antenna with 24x24 elements is designed, fabricated, and measured.
-
A Novel Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array With 2D Wide-Angle Beam-Scanning Capability for Millimeter-Wave Applications
03 February 2026 Stanislav Ogurtsov, Thijs Brouwers, Tudor Popa, Javier Arrincon, A. Bart Smolders and Diego Caratelli present a scalable and cost-effective phased array architecture based on dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) technology for millimeter-wave applications. The proposed dome-on-cylinder DRA elements, encapsulated in a thermally conductive metal frame and excited through a suitable feeding network integrated into a multilayer PCB stack-up, enable two-dimensional (2D) wide-angle beam steering with minimized scan loss. A 64-element array prototype operating in the 24-GHz ISM radar band demonstrates 2D beam scanning up to ±70° in the E-plane and ±65° in the H-plane, with H-plane scan loss following an approximate cos0.4(θs) dependence, significantly lower than the conventional cosine law.
-
Local Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Measurement System for Human Body in Realistic In-Vehicle Scenarios
03 February 2026 Feng Fang, Xin Zhou, Shichen Yang, Yongjun Tian , Jiyu Wang , Sh Iwei Sha, Zhen Xue, Lei Xing and Qian Xu propose an in-vehicle specific absorption rate (SAR) measurement system capable of estimating the local SAR on a full-body phantom under realistic vehicular conditions. Compared with conventional planar phantoms, a seated human phantom is designed to better represent in-vehicle postures. Tissue-equivalent liquids covering 0.2-6 GHz are developed to satisfy the requirements of IEC 62209-3. An E-field monitoring module interfaces with the phantom to enable local SAR measurements at different depths within the liquid. A three-antenna method is used to calibrate the E-field probe in the liquid.
-
A Metasurface-Based Folded Transmitarray Antenna With Ultralow Profile
03 February 2026 Yanfeng He, Hongsheng Shi, Chunhua Xue, Yingying Yu, Teng Li and Xi Gao propose a metasurface-based ultralow profile folded transmitarray antenna (FTA) . An integrated feed source, a reflective polarizer, and a polarization-selective metasurface together form the FTA. Both the reflective polarizer and the polarization-selective metasurface have stable EM responses over a wide angle. The integrated feed source is a rectangular waveguide antenna that is used to provide a low-gain and wide-coverage beam. The final design of the FTA has an ultralow profile with height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio of only 0.16 while maintaining good radiation performance.
-
High-Order Quad-Band Bandpass FSSs With Multiple TZs for EMI Protection in WPT Scenarios
10 June 2025 Runze Li, Li Yang, Shiyan Wang and Roberto Gómez-García report a class of frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs) with high-order quad-band bandpass filtering response. Its intended application is electromagnetic-interference (EMI) suppression in multiband/ multi-frequency wireless power transmission (WPT) systems. Its basic building FSS element is composed of three metal periodic arrays.These layers are separated by two thin dielectric substrates in a stacked multi-layer arrangement. The top and bottom metal arrays are made up of a gridded-convoluted four-loop structure that operates as a multi-resonant cell. The middle metal array, which behaves as a bandstop-type aperture layer, exploits as constituent cell a square-shaped microstrip ring with four quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance microstrip lines inside it. Two replicas of the basic FSS element are back-to-back connected for the realization of a higher-order FSS configuration.
-
Reflectarray 2-D Beam-Steering With Graphene on Copper Elements for 6G Point-to-Point Communication
25 November 2024 Suhail Asghar Qureshi, Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin, Yoshihide Yamada, Muhammad Inam Abbasi, Muhammad Hashim Dahri, Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin and Nordin Ramli presents a graphene-based Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna (RRA) for 6G point-to-point communications. Unlike the conventional dimensions of less than λ/8 to act as the main resonant element, Graphene has been designed at λ/2 dimensions, which works as the phase-shifting element under a copper patch. Graphene's chemical potential can be varied by applying DC biasing to array elements so that the reflection coefficient phase of the unit cells can be adjusted to form a collimated beam in a certain direction. An array of 977 elements with an aperture diameter of 15λ produced a collimated beam through two states of DC biasing to graphene, i.e., "On" and "Off".
