Recent Articles
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A Multibeam Solar Grid Antenna Integrated With Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cell
02 December 2024 Fuwei Wang, Xuechen Zhang, Rong Sun, Bokai Ding, Ke Li and Chen He propose a multibeam grid antenna integrated with a monocrystalline silicon solar panel first time, which consists of a grid antenna in microstrip form and a monocrystalline silicon solar cell. Multiple feeders are set at different positions of the grid antenna to adjust the current phase on the short side of the grid antenna to achieve beam scanning. The antenna is designed to operate in the 24 GHz radar band and can be installed in field Internet of Things devices for vehicle monitoring and communication, meeting requirements for communication rate, sensing sensitivity, detection, and interconnectivity. The multibeam characteristic can effectively enhance the communication and sensing detection range of the antenna. Meanwhile, the grid-like structure of the antenna ensures good optical transmission, allowing it to be positioned above the solar panel without significantly affecting the performance of the solar cell.
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Design and Characterization of Line-Waves Waveguides for Microwave Applications
26 November 2024 Alessio Monti, Stefano Vellucci, Mirko Barbuto, Valentina Verri, Francesco Vernì, Claudio Massagrande, Davide Ramaccia, Michela Longhi, Zahra Hamzavi-Zarghani, Luca Stefanini, Alessandro Toscano and Filiberto Bilotti report a simple and straightforward workflow for designing waveguides supporting one-dimensional modes propagation. The design is based on the analytical relations existing between the surface impedance of the propagating modes and the sheet impedance of the metasurfaces, which allow quick retrieval of the geometrical parameters of the complementary metasurfaces sustaining the line-wave propagation. This approach is used to design several waveguiding layouts and compare their transmission performance through full-wave simulations accounting for dielectric and ohmic losses.
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Application of Aperiodic “Einstein” Monotile in Phased Arrays With Limited Beam Scanning Range
14 November 2024Yunfei Qiang, Xiaochuan Fang, Rui-Xin Wu, Qian Chen and Wei Wang propose a phased array with a limited beam scanning range based on the ‘Einstein’ monotile (Hat polykite), characterized by low grating lobe levels and high aperture efficiency. The proposed phased array reduces implementation complexity compared to periodic subarrays and enhances engineering practicality relative to other aperiodic tiles, particularly in load-bearing lattice configurations. Two examples of Hat polykite-based phased arrays are presented in this paper. Example A presents a sparse phased array, where each element is embedded within a Hat polykite, optimized for a maximum grating lobe level of −15 dB. Example B features a subarray comprising eight antenna elements based on the Hat polykite.
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Compact Uplink Circularly Polarized 2.4GHz Short Backfire Antenna for Geostationary Amateur Radio Satellite Es’Hail-2 (QO-100)
14 November 2024 Michal Cerveny and Pavel Hazdra describe a compact circularly polarized antenna designed for the 2.4GHz band with a gain of 15dBic designed for communication (uplink) with a geostationary amateur radio satellite Es’Hail-2 (QO-100). The proposed antenna upgrades a standard short backfire antenna (SBA) by utilizing two metasurfaces with the first acting as a high-impedance surface (HIS) allowing for a reduction of the distance between the sub-reflector and main reflector and the second enhancing the sub-reflector while functioning both as a tunable polarization divider and phase shifter to form the circular polarization. This novel concept enables the use of a simple, linearly polarized patch antenna as a feeder with no complex feeding networks.
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Additively-Manufactured, Magnetically Controlled, Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna
11 November 2024 Ulan Myrzakhan, Farhan A. Ghaffar, Mohammad Vaseem and Atif Shamim present an additively manufactured phased array antenna that provides simultaneous reconfiguration in frequency, polarization, and beam direction solely in response to magnetic tuning of the underlying ferrite substrate. This design obviates the need for integrated active components, which have been fundamental elements enabling tuning operation in traditional reconfigurable array antennas. The array element of the proposed array antenna consists of a waveguide-based phase shifter, realized by printing metallic walls on a ferrite substrate, which is then monolithically integrated with a printed circular patch antenna. Depending on the magnitude and polarity of the applied magnetic field (solenoids) to the patches, the array antenna can operate in a linearly polarized (LP) mode at 7.2 GHz or in dual circularly polarized (CP) modes in two continuously tunable frequency bands, 5.9–6.5 GHz and 7.6–7.95 GHz.
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Balancing the Potential Gauging Process Applied to Wave Propagation for Arbitrary Space-Times
06 November 2024 Thomas Reum addresses possibilities to compensate an unwanted side effect arising in the widely used gauging process of electrodynamic potentials due to mathematical conditions applied to describe propagating electromagnetic (EM) waves with a focus on radio frequency (RF). Previous studies have shown by means of guided propagation that phase velocities which differ from intuitive understanding occur for several components of potentials when deviating from a specific gauge determined by physical relationships. Two solution strategies are provided in a way that the changed temporal behavior of affected potentials is balanced directly or by adapted spatial relations. In this regard, appropriate changes of the metric are suitable since the choice of gauge is closely related to the space-time of a model. For this purpose, only the metric tensor of affected potential components is modified throughout this work.
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A Dual-Port Dual-Wideband Dual-Sense Circularly Polarized DRA With a Novel Feeding Mechanism
05 November 2024 Li Zhang, Jian-Wei Liu, Bo Chen, Liang-Yong Yi, Dian Liu, Zi-Bin Weng and Yong-Chang Jiao investigate and demonstrate a dual-wideband dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) based on a novel feeding technique. The proposed antenna is composed of a cylinder DR, a ground plane with a double cross-slot and two rectangle slots, and a novel feeding structure. In the lower band, the DR is fed by two vertical metal probes, and the antenna can be fed by a novel feeding method in the upper band. Based on these feeding mechanisms, a pair of orthogonal modes can be excited in the lower band, and the slot modes can be obtained in the upper band.
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Indoor Deterministic Simulations and Statistical Modeling at Sub-THz Frequencies for Future Wireless Networks
05 November 2024 Nektarios Moraitis and Konstantina S. Nikita present a detailed analysis of the indoor channel at sub-THz frequencies, modeling its temporal and spatial characteristics for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, relying on extensive deterministic simulations. According to the results, frequency selective characteristics are revealed. The obtained root-mean-square delay spread is in the range of 4.4–10.3 ns for LOS, and 6.9–18.8 ns for NLOS scenarios, respectively. A high spatial degree of freedom is also observed based on the increased azimuth spreads with a mean value of 57.4° for LOS, and 88.1° for NLOS locations, which is associated with the environment geometry.
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A Novel Pixel-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Applied in Fluid Antenna Systems With High Switching Speed
01 November 2024 Jichen Zhang, Junhui Rao, Zan Li, Zhaoyang Ming, Chi-Yuk Chiu, Kai-Kit Wong, Kin-Fai Tong and Ross Murch demonstrate that using mechanical movement or liquids in Fluid Antenna Systems (FAS) is equivalent to radiation pattern reconfiguration. Using this observation, we propose a pixel-based reconfigurable antenna design for FAS (PRA-FAS) that supports microsecond FAS port switching for packet-by-packet adaptability. The proposed PRA-FAS provides 12 FAS ports across an equivalent length of 1/2 wavelength. Simulation and experimental results of a PRA-FAS prototype operating at 2.5 GHz indicate that the PRA-FAS can meet the FAS requirements, including port correlation and impedance matching. System-level simulations and experiments, using a MIMO testbed, demonstrate that the correlation of PRA-FAS ports aligns well with those that use mechanical movement or liquids.
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Dual-Band Circularly-Polarized Transparent GNSS Antenna for Vehicular Applications
29 October 2024 Quoc Hung Dang, Nghia Nguyen-Trong, Thomas Kaufmann, Timo Saarnimo, Chris Hide and Christophe Fumeaux propose a dual-band circularly-polarized transparent antenna for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The antenna is designed with resonance frequencies centered at 1176 MHz and 1582 MHz, targeting the simultaneous coverage of the L5 and L1 bands. Aiming at integration into the glass sun-roof of a vehicle, the antenna is designed using an unperturbed single-substrate layer, i.e., without any via or probe feed. A fine metal mesh based on printed copper is used to achieve around 90% transparency while maintaining satisfactory antenna gain and radiation efficiency within both operation bands.
