Recent Articles
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Metallization Techniques for Additive Manufacturing of Antennas and RF Systems: A Survey
14 May 2026 Ulan Myrzakhan, Hafsa Talpur, Juan Andres Vásquez-Peralvo, Shuai Zhang, Symeon Chatzinotas compile, categorize, and compare the latest metallization techniques used to implement antennas and RF components through additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing has recently become a manufacturing method of choice for antennas and RF components, gaining traction not only in research but also in industrial applications. This fabrication approach offers unique advantages, including the ability to create complex, lightweight antenna structures monolithically, all within a low-cost and rapid fabrication process using a wide variety of materials. While direct metal printing is possible, it typically yields heavy structures with rough surface finishes. The more widely used method involves high-resolution dielectric printing followed by metallization. Given the increasing interest in this fabrication approach, several review papers have been published to highlight different additive manufacturing techniques. However, they mostly focus on dielectric printing, offering limited insights into the various metallization strategies.
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Input-Blind Antenna Range Reflection Mitigation via Channel Estimation
13 May 2026 Nicholas K. Host, Suhaily Cardona-Romero, Timothy A. Davis, Allan R. Jablon present two input-blind antenna range reflection mitigation methods that operate using only signals collected at the range antenna, removing the need for access to the system under test’s internally generated transmit signal. Antenna range surface reflections are commonly mitigated in continuous-wave measurements using frequency sweeps and time-domain gating; however, these techniques are not well suited for characterizing non-continuous-wave or operational waveforms radiated by integrated systems and subsystems. Channel-estimation-based reflection mitigation methods have been shown to address this limitation, but existing approaches require direct access to the transmit waveform, which is often unavailable in practice.
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Wide-Angle Scanning Heterogeneous Antenna Array Using Asymmetrically-Fed Magneto-Electric Dipole
12 May 2026 Guangwei Fan, Dawei Ding propose a ±90° beam-scanning heterogeneous antenna array (HAA) consisting of asymmetrically-fed magneto-electric (AF-ME) dipole elements for the first time. In the design of AF-ME dipole antenna, two offsets are introduced to excite the operating mode of planar pseudo-Yagi antenna in traditional ME dipole antenna. Different from the beam tilting elements in the existing HAAs, this proposed AF-ME dipole element exhibits stable antenna gains and half-power beam-widths (HPBWs) at different main beam directions, great cross-polarization isolations, and self-decoupling characteristics.
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Design and Characterization of Wideband Dual-Polarized Double-Slot Lens Antenna With Low Cross-Polarization at Sub-THz in SiGe-BiCMOS
06 May 2026 Alexandros Bechrakis Triantafyllos, Maria Alonso-Delpino, Daniele Cavallo, Klaus Aufinger, Marco Spirito, Nuria Llombart details the design and characterization of a wideband on-chip dual-polarized double-slot antenna for sub-THz frequencies, integrated in SiGe-BiCMOS technology. The proposed design features two perpendicularly arranged double-slots that provide dual-linear polarization and efficient illumination of dielectric lenses through the silicon substrate. To decrease the level of cross-polarization, a number of parasitic slots are added. Two feeding architectures have been studied, leading to two different prototypes.
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A Super-Low-Frequency Transmitter for Ground-Transparent Communication Across a Four-Layer Medium
06 May 2026 Xie He, Jianya Zhang, Qiang Zhou, Changfeng Liang establish a four-layer medium model of air–reinforced concrete–air–underground rock layer to reveal the ground-transparent propagation characteristics of rotating magnet-based mechanical antennas (RMBMAs). RMBMA is a novel super low frequency electromagnetic transmitting technology that uses the mechanical rotary motion of a permanent magnet to directly excite electromagnetic waves and is expected to achieve the miniaturization of super low frequency ground-transparent transmitting systems. By using the Helmholtz equations and the Sommerfeld integral, the analytical expression of the RMBMA in the four-layer medium is given. Based on the electromagnetic field simulation software FEKO, the correctness of the proposed four-layer medium propagation model is verified, and the directional characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation are analyzed.
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Compact Three-in-One Integrated Millimeter-Wave and Microwave Antenna Architecture for Metal-Framed 5G/6G Smartphones Featuring Satellite-Direct-to-Cell Communications
04 May 2026 Huan-Chu Huang, Jie Wu, Shuang Cui, Chow-Yen-Desmond Sim propose a compact, simple, low-cost, and practical three-in-one antenna architecture, via hybrid integration of a thin PCB-based FR2 millimeter-wave (mm-wave) antenna array module and a metal-frame-based FR1 microwave antenna for the first time for metal-framed 5G and 6G smartphones featuring satellite-direct-to-cell (SDTC) communications. The three-in-one integrated antenna architecture, supporting FR1 cellular/non-cellular, FR2 cellular, and FR1 SDTC functions, is realized by connecting a 1×4 mm-wave antenna array module operating in the 5G FR2 band n261 with a maximum scan angle of 45° to the top metal frame of a smartphone, thereby supporting various 5G FR1 bands, such as n1, n2, n5, n7, n13, n20, n25, n26, n29, n30, n34, n38, n39, n40, n41, and n65.
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Beam-Steerable Fabry–Perot Cavity Antenna With Mechanically Tunable Partially Reflective Surfaces for 6G Applications
30 April 2026 Edoardo Giusti, Pierpaolo Usai, Danilo Brizi, Agostino Monorchio present a Fabry-Perot cavity antenna with beam steering capability enabled by the movement of a Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) . Fabry-Perot cavities are commonly used due to their attractive properties, especially high gain and low profile. However, this configuration also presents design challenges when deployed for beam steering. Typically, beam steering is achieved by incorporating varactors into the metasurface unit-cells to locally modify the phase response with a controlled slope, which significantly complicates the implementation due to the feeding network introduction. To address this issue, the proposed solution involves designing the cavity in such a way that beam steering is achieved solely by moving the passive Partially Reflective Surface (PRS) along the cavity height direction.
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Cross-Polarization Reduction of a Compact Broadband Printed Log-Periodic Dipole Array Antenna Using Symmetric Coplanar Dipoles
28 April 2026 M. H. Gharavi, Masoud Edalatipour, Hui Deng introduce a simplified technique to address the significant cross-polarization often exhibited by printed log-periodic dipole array (PLPDA) antennas, which limits their use in array configurations. The proposed approach uses a new symmetric coplanar dipole array structure to overcome this drawback. In the proposed antenna, cross-polarization reduction is achieved by increasing the symmetry of both the dipole array and the feeding network. Theoretical evaluation and characteristic mode analysis are conducted to provide fundamental insight into how enhanced symmetry in a printed dipole reduces cross-polarization compared with an asymmetric design.
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Novel Method for Continuous Beam Scanning Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on SIW T-Junction Impedance Matching
28 April 2026 Cheng Chen, Zengpei Zhong, Yingxin Lai, Shaopeng Wan present a novel substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on an H-plane waveguide T-junction to mitigate the open stopband (OSB). The unit cell of the proposed antenna consists of a transverse-slot SIW T-junction and a short-circuited SIW cavity loaded with or without a perpendicular slot. By controlling the input impedance of the SIW cavity, the series and shunt reactance of the transverse slot can be canceled out to achieve continuous beam scanning from backward to forward through broadside for both linearly polarized (LP) and circularly polarized (CP) LWA. Using an equivalent circuit model, the working principle of the beam-scanning technique based on SIW T-junction is explained theoretically.
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Learning to Twin Wireless Channels: Conditional Synthesis for UAV-to-Vehicle Communication
28 April 2026 Rui Liu, Lei Xiong, Dan Fei, Cheng Li, Liang Shen, Xiangbing Tan present ChannelWGAN, a novel digital twin (DT)-enabled framework for high-fidelity channel impulse response (CIR) generation using a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). Our model uniquely conditions the generation process on key geometric parameters: pitch angle, azimuth angle, and slant range, to establish a physically meaningful mapping from the spatial domain to the channel response. To overcome the challenge of capturing complex temporal dependencies in CIR sequences, they integrate a Transformer architecture into the generator of a Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP). This integration ensures stable training and superior modeling of long-range temporal correlations inherent in wireless multi-path propagation.
